Low carb diets may have harmful effects on brain function

The study out of Tufts University focused on women aged 22 to 55 engaging in low carb diets similar to the Atkins Diet. Participants were found to have significantly diminished memory scores than the control groups consuming a normal diet. Their scores were lower when tested for reaction time and visual spatial memory. The decline was short lived however as memory scores returned to normal upon resumption of a regular balanced diet.

The nation's obesity epidemic has reached alarming levels despite decades of fad dieting, ignoring American's simultaneous trend toward decreasing amounts of physical activity. Americans today burn 700 calories less per day than they did during the 1960's. Treadmill desks offer a unique solution compared with fad dieting. They offer employees the chance to burn significant amounts of calories during the day, enhance their health and at the same time enhance cognitive function.

"Study after study is showing that supplements and diets are at best ineffective at attaining long term overall health and many pose potential harmful side effects as well, yet proven methods such as walking garner slight attention," states Steve Bordley, President of TrekDesk, a treadmill desk manufacturer. TrekDesk, a full sized height adjustable workstation, fits any existing treadmill. Featuring a 72 x 34 inch surface area, there is sufficient space for any desk related task. Workers simply place their computer, phone, files, reading materials, pens and paper and coffee (yes, it has cup holders) and start walking.

It is that simple. Consistent daily walking is very effective in both long term weight loss and also offers significant increases in brain function. A study by the University of Illinois recently showed that memory can be increased by as much as 15% in just 6 months, due to increased blood flow to the brain and that the production of small blood vessels in the brain can be boosted as much as 43%. "A variety of studies have already proven that walking greatly reduces the risk of developing dementia and Alzheimers later in life as well as offering protection from major diseases such as cancers, heart disease, and diabetes," stated Bordley, "weight loss is an important additional bonus."

So why aren't more people walking? A recent study by America on the Move found Americans do not exercise regularly due to time constraints, their second reason cited was will power. TrekDesk answers both concerns. it is automatic and does not take any additional time out of an employees day. Just start walking and working. At day's end an employee has burned between 800-1400 calories, stimulated the lymphatic system to ward off disease and earned a paycheck while doing it.

Source: Medical News Today

Weight-loss pill Lorcaserin passes early test

In recently released phase 2 trials, the drug, known as lorcaserin, resulted in substantial weight loss in obese men and women. "Lorcaserin is a completely novel mechanism and we think it can bring very robust weight loss. But, also, the safety profile of the compound is excellent," said Dominic P. Behan, co-founder and chief scientific officer of Arena Pharmaceuticals in San Diego, which makes the drug and sponsored a study published in the Dec. 4 issue of the journal Obesity.

"We demonstrated a highly statistically significant, progressive weight loss. This study involved no diet or exercise and the weight loss was rapid and we saw the weight loss in as little as two weeks," he added. A phase 3 trial is under way and, if all goes well, Arena Pharmaceuticals may file a new drug application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration at the end of 2009, Behan said.

With some two-thirds of Americans either overweight or obese, the need for an effective weight loss tool is tremendous. Excess weight can lead to a variety of health problems, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, arthritis and type 2 diabetes. "Obesity is an epidemic," said Dr. Stuart Weiss, a clinical assistant professor of medicine at New York University's Langone Medical Center in New York City. "Diabetes trails behind obesity by a short few years and the numbers of patients that are developing diabetes is staggering."

Diet and exercise are proven antidotes for excess weight, but few people are able to sustain such changes and, even if they lose weight, will regain it.
Some weight-loss drugs are already on the market -- such as Xenical and Meridia -- but have certain side effects. The drug Fen-phen, a combination of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, worked for many but was withdrawn from the market in 1997 when it was linked with increased rates of heart valve problems in patients.

Fen-phen acted on serotonin receptors both in the brain and in the heart and therein lay the problem, Behan said.
"The challenge was to design a compound that was purely selective for the receptor involved, namely the 2c receptor [located in the hypothalamus region of the brain and involved in weight loss] and avoiding the 2b receptor [located in the heart]," Behan said.

The result was lorcaserin, which targets the 5-HT2C serotonin receptor only.
For the phase 2 trial, 469 men and women with a body mass index ranging from 30 to 45 were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 10 milligrams (mg) of lorcaserin once a day, 15 mg once a day, 10 mg twice a day, or a placebo.
Participants taking lorcaserin at 10 mg, 15 mg and 20 mg a day lost 4 pounds, 5.7 pounds and 7.9 pounds, respectively, over the 12-week period. Those in the placebo group lost less than a pound.

In the 10 mg, 15 mg and 20 mg groups, respectively, 12.8 percent, 19.5 percent and 31.2 percent of participants lost 5 percent or more of their starting body weight, versus only 2.3 percent of patients on the placebo.
Participants taking the two higher doses of lorcaserin also shaved inches off their waist and dropped their cholesterol levels. Also, their echocardiograms -- ultrasound images of the heart -- were normal.

"It [lorcaserin] certainly looks a bit better [than other weight-loss medications]," Weiss said. "We don't have much out there. They're really just modest medications and they don't do much at all."

Source: iVillage

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass elevates the risk of kidney stone formation

According to a pair of studies. The two studies—one from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and a second led by researchers from Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC—had relatively short follow-up periods of 1 year and 6 months, respectively. Owing to their brevity, neither study found an increased incidence of stones among the patients undergoing the surgery, but both found significant increases in oxalate secretion.

Both also found a supersaturation of calcium oxalate in a number of patients relatively soon after the surgical procedure. "The take-home message from our study is that morbidly obese patients should be counseled regarding the increased risks for kidney stones postoperatively," Bryan Hinck, a former research assistant for senior author Manoj Monga, MD, at the University of Minnesota, told Urology Times. "Not that this should dissuade them from the surgery, but rather inform them of the importance of compliant follow-up."

Hinck is currently a medical student at Rosalind Franklin University's Chicago Medical School.
"Based on our findings, patients who have gastric bypass are at increased risk for forming stones," added Bhavin N. Patel, MD, a Wake Forest urology resident who worked on that group's study with Dean G. Assimos, MD, and colleagues. "Indeed, some are at increased risk of nephropathy and perhaps irreversible kidney damage."

Source: Urology Times

Holiday challenges are greater for people who have undergone weight loss surgery.

For most of us, the holidays are a non-stop food fest that challenges our resolve to eat healthy. From office parties and cookie exchanges to holiday parties and tasty gifts, the temptations are all around. Holiday challenges are even greater for people who have undergone weight loss surgery. “Because people who have undergone weight loss surgery can only eat a half cup of food at a time, they have to focus on portion control,” said Gregory Barnes, M.D., weight loss surgeon on the medical staff at Baylor All Saints Medical Center in Fort Worth.

Portion restrictions, along with the need to avoid drinking any liquids within 30 minutes of eating, require some special eat-smart strategies for enjoying the holidays. “Although the holidays may challenge their commitment, I believe that weight loss surgery patients can stick with their goals and remain on track if they’ll do some advanced planning,” said Dr. Barnes.

Try these tips for not just surviving, but actually enjoying holiday parties and food:- Eat something healthy before a party so you don’t arrive hungry.

- Consider bringing a healthy tray of vegetables and dip or other healthy dish to your family gathering or a holiday party.
- Because you’re limited to only a half cup-sized portion, be very selective at a buffet. Look for non-fried, healthy options, and keep in mind that a bite or two of a dessert can often satisfy your craving.
- Grab your drink and focus on socializing since you will need to wait before eating.
- Stand away from the table or buffet so you’ll be less tempted.

More than any other time of year, the holidays are a time when a support system is critical for success. “Our weight loss patients need to find a friend or group that can hold them accountable and keep them focused on their goals at this time of year,” said Dr. Barnes. “Having support is one of the most effective ways to achieve all the benefits of weight loss surgery.”

Source: Baylor All Saints

FDA warning consumers nationwide not to purchase any of the following tainted weight loss products

- Fatloss Slimming
- 2 Day Diet
- 3x Slimming Power
- Japan Lingzhi 24 Hours Diet
- 5x Imelda Perfect Slimming
- 3 Day Diet
- 7 Day Herbal Slim
- 8 Factor Diet

- 7 Diet Day/Night Formula

- 999 Fitness Essence
- Extrim Plus
- GMP
- Imelda Perfect Slim
- Lida DaiDaihua
- Miaozi Slim Capsules
- Perfect Slim
- Perfect Slim 5x
- Phyto Shape
- ProSlim Plus
- Royal Slimming Formula
- Slim 3 in 1
- Slim Express 360
- Slimtech
- Somotrim
- Superslim
- TripleSlim
- Zhen de Shou
- Venom Hyperdrive 3.0

After analysing these products the FDA found they contained undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients, in some case in amounts that exceeded FDA-recommended levels, thereby putting consumers' health at risk.

The director of the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Dr Janet Woodcock said: "These tainted weight loss products pose a great risk to public health because they contain undeclared ingredients and, in some cases, contain prescription drugs in amounts that greatly exceed their maximum recommended dosages.""Consumers have no way of knowing that these products contain powerful drugs that could cause serious health consequences. Therefore FDA is taking this action to protect the health of the American public," she added.Among the undeclared ingredients they found were:

Sibutramine: this can cause high blood pressure, palpitations, tachycardia, seizures, heart, attack, and stroke. It can also interact with other medications to cause adverse reactions. Its safety for use by children under 16 or pregnant or breastfeeding women is unknown.

Rimonabant: an appetite suppressant that has been evaluated but not approved by the FDA for sale in the US. This drug is approved for sale in Europe, where is has been implicated in 5 deaths and 720 reported adverse reactions in the last two years. The drug has also been linked to increased risk of depression and suicidal thoughts.

Phenytoin: an anti-seizure drug.
Phenolphthalein: a suspected carcinogen that is used to test for acidity in chemical experiments. Some of the products are advertised as containing only "herbal" or "natural" ingredients, but in reality contain potentially harmful substances that are not listed on product labels or advertisements.

The FDA warns that:"These products have not been approved by the FDA, are illegal and may be potentially harmful to unsuspecting consumers."If you have bought or own any of these products you should stop taking them and talk to your doctor immediately said the FDA, who also advises consumers to talk to a healthcare professional before buying any weight loss products.The federal agency has inspected a number of firms selling or connected with the selling of these illegal products and is seeking to recall the products.

The FDA may proceed with a number of enforcement actions, escalating from warning letters to seizures, injunctions and criminal prosecution. Whether you are a consumer or healthcare professional, you can report serious adverse events or side effects, or problems with product quality to the FDA's MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program in any of the following ways:

- Going online at http://www.fda.gov/MedWatch/report.htm
- Faxing to the fax number: (800) FDA-0178.-- Calling phone number: (800) FDA-1088.-- Writing to MedWatch, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852-9787.
- Filling in postage-paid FDA form 3500 available at: http://www.fda.gov/MedWatch/getforms.htm and then mailing to above address.Click here for more information about these weight loss products and consumer-directed questions and answers.

Source: Medical News Today

Weight-Loss: Eat from a salad plate, not a dinner plate

"If people could cut down on their portion sizes, this would be the single greatest way to combat the creeping obesity epidemic," said Madelyn Fernstrom, founding director of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Weight Management Center.
"It's such a simple concept, but it's hard to do. There's so much hidden fat in food, it's hard to know what a serving size is.


"It may seem like cutting back on one's portions wouldn't have much impact - until you realize that just "100 calories a day more than you need adds up to 10 pounds in one year," said Miriam Pappo, clinical nutrition manager at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City. "That's only one or two tablespoons of salad dressing."

In a recent study, 120 healthy adults were divided into two groups, with equal numbers of men and women in each. Both groups were educated about healthy eating and given a target of consuming 1,700 calories daily for the men and 1,365 calories for the women. They were also told to eat 55 percent carbohydrates, 25 percent protein and 20 percent fat. One group, however, was given prepackaged portions of meat and rice for daily consumption, and was told to include two large salads, fruit and two glasses of skim milk a day. The other group was allowed to choose its own portion sizes.

  

After two months, the "prepackaged" women had lost 12 pounds, as against eight pounds for the self-selected-portion women. The men who ate prepackaged portions lost 16 pounds versus 11 pounds for the other group.

What we can learn from this, Fernstrom said, is that prepackaged frozen meals might be a good weight-loss option.

If you like your meals home-cooked, you can save the containers from frozen meals to measure your portion sizes.In addition, she said, eat from a salad plate, not a dinner plate, which is unnaturally large to hold a proper portion. The food on your plate, Pappo said, should be half vegetables and a quarter each protein and starchy food.

Source: Empowered Doctor

Weight-loss food is often as fattening as standard fare and not worth buying

One healthy-option exception is low-fat supermarket sausages, which contain half as many calories, 81% less fat and 80% less saturated fat. But a range of food from Asda, Morrisons, Sainsbury's, Tesco, M&S and Waitrose was found to offer little or no benefit over standard versions, Which? said. Kellogg's Special K, marketed as a slimming cereal, had the same amount of calories (171 per 30g) as Cornflakes and even more than Branflakes.

Weight Watchers white bread (68 kcal per 29 g slice) was so similar to Warburtons (69kcal per 29 g slice) and Asda Danish (63 kcal per 25 g slice), that Which? recommended consumers bought the one they preferred.

Nikki Ratcliff, head of services research at Which?, said: "If you're looking for a New Year quick-fix to shed a few pounds, weight-loss products aren't the answer."

But a Kellogg's spokeswoman said: "Consumers aren't stupid. The reason Special K is one of the UK's biggest selling cereals is because it works. Bran Flakes and Corn Flakes are an equally good choice if you're following a low calorie and low fat diet - which we've been saying for years."

Source: Nursing in Practice